cfa-mir-495: Cfa-mir-495 is a microRNA that has been found to exhibit changes in expression that correlate with disease progression, development of heart failure, and age in dogs [PMC8400600]. In a study, it was observed that the expression of cfa-mir-495 decreased in older healthy animals [PMC5533140]. The expression of cfa-mir-495, along with cfa-miR-9, cfa-miR-181c, and cfa-miR-599, was found to change with disease progression and age [PMC5533140]. These miRNAs were also found to have common gene targets that may be regulated by them [PMC5533140]. The changes in expression levels for cfa-miR-9, cfa-miR-181c, cfa-mir-495, and cfa-miR-599 were illustrated in a figure showing the normalized Cq values for each disease state [PMC5533140]. Cfa-mir-495 may have important roles in fibrosis control, cardiomyocyte replication, energetics [PMC5533140], and potentially serve as a biomarker for monitoring progression to active heart failure along with cfa-miR-181c [PMC5533140]. The expression of cfa-mir-495 was found to be increased in young normal dogs compared to older normal dogs and dogs with MMVD [PMC5533140]. Dogs with MMVD and CHF also showed increased expression of cfa-mir-495 compared to other groups [PMC5533140]. CFA miRNA panel analysis revealed increased levels of plasma-associated exosomal miRNAs including miRNA 9 (miRNA 9), miRNA 181c (miRNA 181c), miRNA 495 (miRNA 495), and miRNA 599 (miRNA 599) in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) [PMC7696149].