rno-mir-495: Rno-mir-495 is one of the twelve different types of miRNAs identified, including rno-miR-125b-5p, rno-miR-144-3p, rno-miR-24-3p, and novel-rno-miR-335-5p [PMC8529377]. In a study on fetal rats with anorectal malformations (ARMs), the expression of rno-mir-495 was found to be altered in the terminal hindgut [PMC6203938]. This miRNA is involved in feed-forward loops that amplify or inhibit the Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of ARMs [PMC6203938]. Additionally, several other miRNAs were also found to be altered in ARM fetal rats and involved in these signaling pathways [PMC6203938]. Among the predicted altered mRNAs associated with these miRNAs, Calml4 was found to correspond with six changed miRNAs including rno-mir-495 [PMC8529377]. Another mRNA, Acvr1c, corresponded with several other miRNAs including rno-mir-495 [PMC8529377]. In a study comparing different treatment groups for a liver-benefiting and rectifying decoction (LBRD), it was observed that rno-mir-495 was down-regulated in the LBRD treated group compared to the model group. This down-regulation predicted an up-regulation of target mRNAs such as GAT3, Calml4, Tnfaip6, Arc Gad1 and BDNF [PMC8529377].