rno-mir-34a: Rno-mir-34a is a type of microRNA that has been found to be significantly up-regulated in the small intestine of rats after heat treatment, suggesting its involvement in heat stress-induced apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium [PMC7699918]. A binding sites overrepresentation analysis revealed that rno-mir-34a binding sites were significantly enriched within up-regulated genes, further supporting its role in regulating gene expression [PMC3542345]. Rno-mir-34a has also been identified as a potential early marker for predicting carcinogenic potential [PMC4022579]. In addition, rno-mir-34a has been found to target differentially expressed mRNAs and regulate the expression of ECM proteins, such as type I collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) [PMC4601392]. Silencing rno-mir-34a expression resulted in increased ACSL1 mRNA and protein expression, indicating that ACSL1 is a target gene of rno-mir-34a [PMC4601392]. Rno-mir-34a upregulation and ACSL1 downregulation have also been associated with the activation of primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) [PMC4601392]. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that rno-mir-34a directly binds to the 3'-UTR of ACSL1 mRNA [PMC4601392]. Abnormal expression of rno-miR-34a has also been linked to cancer and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats [PMC7290437] [PMC7238603]. Overall, these findings highlight the role of rno-miR-34a in various biological processes and its potential as a therapeutic target.