ata-miR396c-5p: Ata-mir396c-5p is a microRNA that is relatively abundant at 7 days after anthesis (DAA) and is involved in grain size regulation [PMC7045451]. It belongs to the miR396 family, along with ata-miR396e-5p and ata-miR396a-5p, which are also abundant at 7 DAA and play a role in grain development [PMC7045451]. These miRNAs target genes that function in response to gibberellin (GA), act as transcription factors, are GTPases, and act as protein kinases [PMC7045451]. During the early stages of development, ata-mir396c-5p is relatively more abundant compared to later stages [PMC7045451]. It is also up-regulated in certain conditions such as L21 and J22 [PMC5411081]. In durum wheat, the reduced abundance of ata-mir396c-5p leads to increased expression of NDH and PGR5 genes, which protect the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions [PMC7504575]. Ata-mir396c-5p negatively regulates the expression of target genes such as ClpC2 and HSP90 upon heat exposure [PMC7504575]. In pericarp development stages, the expression level of ata-mir396c-5p shows a negative correlation with SmWRKY30 gene expression [PMC9869041]. Additionally, ata-mir396c-5p targets hnRNP 1-like genes along with tae-miR9772 and sbi-miR396c_R+1 in wheat [PMC7076468]. The reduced abundance of osa-miR160f-5p and ata-mir396c-5p leads to increased expression of NDH and PGR5 genes in durum wheat [PMC9459240].