ata-miR396e-5p: Ata-mir396e-5p is a member of the miR396 family and is relatively abundant during the early stages of grain development, suggesting its involvement in this process [PMC7045451]. The encoded proteins of the target genes regulated by ata-mir396e-5p are involved in various functions, including response to gibberellin, transcriptional regulation, GTPase activity, and protein kinase activity [PMC7045451]. Other miRNAs that are relatively abundant during early stages of development include osa-miR171a, ata-miR172c-3p, ata-miR393-5p_L-1R + 1, and ata-miR5168-3p [PMC7045451]. The target genes of bdi-miR531_L-4R + 1_1ss5CT and ata-mir396e-5p are involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism according to KEGG pathway analysis [PMC7045451]. Degradome analysis revealed that ata-mir396e-5p is associated with 46 target genes including auxin response factors and growth-regulating factors [PMC6069884]. In a study comparing different stresses, ata-mir396e-5p was found to be one of the six miRNAs that responded commonly to all three stresses [PMC8704135]. In XZ29 variety, osa-miR319a-3p was upregulated while ata-miR396a-5p and ata-mir396e-5p were downregulated [PMC6069884]. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of miRNAs like ata-mir396e-5p in grain development and stress response.