cfa-mir-143: Cfa-mir-143 is a microRNA that plays a role in both the antiviral innate immune response and adaptive immune response [PMC5744135]. It is upregulated during the early stage of infection and then gradually decreases [PMC5744135]. Cfa-mir-143 expression can be stimulated or inhibited using agomir or antagomir, respectively [PMC5744135]. It has been shown that cfa-mir-143 is upregulated in the lungs of dogs infected with CIV H3N2 [PMC5744135]. It has been speculated that cfa-mir-143 directly binds to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 gene (Igfbp5) [PMC5744135]. The expression of cfa-mir-143 can be assessed using a TaqMan miRNA assay [PMC5744135]. The mimic and inhibitor of cfa-mir-143 were artificially synthesized for experimental purposes [PMC5744135]. The expression of cfa-mir-143 was observed to vary in both in vivo and in vitro during a CIV H3N2 infection time course, suggesting its involvement in virus-induced apoptosis [PMC5744135]. Cfa-mir-143 targets Igfbp5, which plays roles in cellular senescence and aging-associated vascular diseases [PMC5744135]. Upregulation of cfa-mir-143 leads to increased apoptosis through activation of the p53-caspase3 pathway, while downregulation reduces apoptosis [PMC5744135].