ath-miR169f-5p: Ath-mir169f-5p is a microRNA that is dynamically regulated under different treatments and stress conditions [PMC6205635]. In the presence of ANE+NaCl treatment, the expression of AtNFYA1 and AtNFYA2 was higher compared to NaCl treatment alone, and this trend continued from 6 to 12 hours [PMC6205635]. After 12 hours, ANE and ANE+NaCl induced the expression of ath-mir169f-5p [PMC6205635]. Salinity stress moderately enhanced the expression of ath-mir169f-5p at both time points, suggesting that ANE can differentially modulate miRNA expression under salinity stress [PMC6205635]. The application of ANE with NaCl resulted in a reduction in the expression of ath-mir169f-5p at 6 hours but not at 12 hours, while NaCl alone increased its levels at both time points [PMC6205635]. The delayed induction of ath-mir169f-5p in the ANE+NaCl treatment and higher up-regulation of AtNFYA1 by ANE+NaCl support the mitigating effects of ANE under salinity stress and partial control of miR169 over NFYA1 expression [PMC6205635]. Ath-miR5658, ath-miR169d, and ath-mir169f-5p dynamically regulate AT1G54160.1 while other miRNAs regulate it with a different fate [PMC9484463]. The regulation between ath-mir169f-5p and AT1G54160.1 is lost in other ecotypes due to a SNP in ath-mir169f-5p [PMC9484463]. The increased expression of ath-mir169f-5p also leads to increased expression levels of its target nuclear factors AtNFYA1 and AtNFYA2 [PMC7888440].