bta-mir-19a: Bta-mir-19a is a differentially expressed (DE) miRNA that is upregulated in both non-pregnant and pregnant cows, along with bta-mir-19b, while several other miRNAs, including bta-miR-30a-5p and various bta-miR-2284 families, are downregulated [PMC7458322]. Bta-mir-19a and bta-miR-19b are associated with various biological functions such as cytoskeleton organization, cell junction formation, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, oxidative stress response, immune response regulation, and ATP synthesis [PMC7458322]. In a transcriptome analysis of miRNAs using RNA sequencing in cows, bta-mir-19a is one of the 11 differentially expressed miRNAs found in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows [PMC7458322]. Bta-mir-19a has been reported to target genes such as HSPBAP1, DNAJB1, HPX (heat stress response genes), PLA2R1 (involved in heat stress response through oxidation), and PICEN [PMC7458322]. In a comparison of differentially expressed miRNAs between groups of cows (non-pregnant vs. pregnant), several DE miRNAs were identified including bta-mir-221 (shared between all groups), bta-mir-1247-5p (in H_SCM comparison), and 9 DE miRNAs in the ARM_SCM comparison [PMC10000098]. Bovine studies have also associated other candidate miRNAs such as bta-miR-21-5p with Wnt signals and MAPK pathway regulation [PMC9445238].