bta-mir-182: Bta-mir-182 is a microRNA that has been found to have various effects on gene expression and cellular processes. It has been identified as a possible target for calpastatin, suggesting that elevated expression levels of bta-mir-182 could lead to decreased suppressive effects on calpain and increased meat tenderness [PMC7140828]. Up-regulation of bta-mir-182 has also been shown to down-regulate the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein, promoting apoptosis and muscle proteolysis [PMC7140828]. Bta-mir-182, along with bta-mir-183 and bta-mir-338, has been found to regulate the expression levels of genes associated with various pathways [PMC7140828]. Additionally, bta-mir-182 may downregulate CAPN5, CASP2, and CASP9, inhibiting apoptosis [PMC7140828]. Bta-mir-182 is highly enriched in granulosa cells of preovulatory dominant follicles in cattle [PMC4438052]. It is also upregulated in theca cells, COC (cumulus-oocyte complexes), and follicular fluid of preovulatory dominant follicles compared to subordinate follicles counterparts [PMC4438052]. Bta-mir-182 is predicted to target the Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) gene in these cells [PMC4438052]. In various studies, upregulation of bta-mir-182 has been associated with increased proteolysis and tenderness in meat [PMC6317189] as well as immune processes in mastitis caused by E. coli infection [PMC6107498] and testes development in yaks [PMC9940382]. It has also been shown to have regulatory relationships with specific genes and other microRNAs in different contexts such as endometrium differentiation [PMC9140398], circRNA regulation [PMC8946036], and udder parenchyma tissue infection [PMC7937231].