mmu-mir-378d: Seven miRNAs (mmu-miR-574-5p, mmu-miR-466i-5p, mmu-miR-342-3p, mmu-let7i-5p, mmu-miR-34a-5p, mmu-miR-188-5p, and mmu-miR-5119) were upregulated, while five miRNAs (mmu-miR-378a-3p, mmu-miR-202-3p, mmu-miR-378b, mmu-mir-378d, and mmu-miR-212-3p) were downregulated in the CCl4 group compared to the control group [PMC4804167]. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the expression levels of these miRNAs in liver tissues [PMC4926493]. Among the identified miRNAs, mmu-mir-378d was found in both comparison groups and selected for further quantification [PMC5331689]. Mmu-mir-378d is part of a ceRNA network specific to palmitic acid and is predicted to target specific circRNAs and mRNAs involved in glucose metabolism [PMC8806959]. In the AS group, mmu-mir-378d showed a significant increase compared to the control group, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker for AS [PMC9403256].