osa-miR408-5p: Osa-mir408-5p is a regulatory microRNA that has been studied in various contexts. It has been found to be positively correlated with the expression of a predicted target gene LOC_Os12g40890 (PCC = 0.464) [PMC7071783]. Osa-mir408-5p is one of the six common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) found in both cultivars, with osa-miR166-5p showing a different expression pattern [PMC7003353]. It has been observed that osa-mir408-5p is up-regulated by Cd treatment [PMC7003353]. In drought-susceptible rice varieties, osa-mir408-5p has been found to be up-regulated [PMC7003353]. Osa-mir408-5p, along with other miRNAs such as osa-miR396 and osa-miR444, have been shown to be highly up-regulated in one rice variety compared to another under different conditions [PMC7226372]. Osa-mir408-5p targets the subfamily member OsHDZIP37 and is also targeted by other miRNA families such as osa-miR5832 and osa-miR1883b [PMC9405480]. The expression levels of osa-mir408-5p have been found to be higher in drought-tolerant rice varieties compared to drought-susceptible varieties under drought-free conditions [PMC4570225]. In leaf tissue, the expression of osa-mir408-5p was down-regulated in some drought-tolerant varieties but up-regulated in a drought-susceptible variety under drought stress conditions [PMC4570225]. Osa-mir408-5p has also been found to be significantly upregulated by chilling stress [PMC9002458].