hsa-mir-221: Hsa-mir-221 is a microRNA that has been studied in various contexts. It is identified by the Taqman microRNA gene expression assay ID number 000524 [PMC6401030]. In oral carcinogenesis, hsa-mir-221, along with hsa-miR-21 and hsa-miR-29c, has been found to target the genes Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and DICER1 [PMC6034275]. In lung cancer, hsa-mir-221 is considered a protective factor along with hsa-let-7a, while hsa-miR-137, hsa-miR-372, and hsa-miR-182∗ are nonprotective [PMC4637011]. Hsa-mir-221 has also been found to be up-regulated in endometrial cancer compared to normal tissue [PMC4165582]. In ovarian cancer, the combination of hsa-mir-221 and hsa-miR-1285 has been shown to have prognostic value [PMC4278335]. Hsa-mir-221 is highly associated with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) along with other miRNAs such as hsa-miR21 and lncRNAs such as MALAT1 and TCL6 [PMC6251074]. Abnormal expression of both HSA-MIR 221 and HSA-MIR 222 have been linked to the development of malignant tumors [PMC9917093]. The hub target genes of HSA-MIR 221 are FOS and ESR1 [PMC6171011]. References: [PMC6401030]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6401030/ [PMC6034275]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034275/ [PMC4637011]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4637011/ [PMC4165582]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165582/ [PMC4278335]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278335/ [PMC6251074]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251074/ [PMC9917093]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9917093/ [PMC6171011]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6171011/