hvu-miR168-5p: hvu-mir168-5p is a specific type of miRNA that has been studied in various conditions such as water and drought conditions, salinity stress, and transgenic barley. In water and drought conditions, hvu-mir168-5p did not show a significant change in expression level [PMC4309496]. However, under drought conditions, hvu-mir168-5p was up-regulated in leaves [PMC4309496]. Under salinity stress, hvu-mir168-5p was down-regulated along with hvu-miR5048a and hvu-miR444b, while hvu-miR171-5p and hvu-miR6213 were up-regulated [PMC4570814]. In terms of drought tolerance, the expression of hvu-miR156a/b was upregulated in Rolap and Yousef but not in Morocco 9-75. On the other hand, hvu-mir168-5p and hvu-miR159a/b were downregulated in Rolap and Morocco 9-75 but not in Yousef [PMC10025483]. In transgenic barley, the abundance of miRNAs varied with 52.4% of total reads accounted for by hvu-miR156a/b and 71.3% accounted for by hvu-mir168-5p [PMC3409865]. However, there is a possibility that the annotated sequence for hvu-miR168-3p might be incorrect based on its secondary structure [PMC3409865]. Overall, these studies provide insights into the expression patterns of miRNAs such as hvu-mir168-5p under different stress conditions.