SNORD42: SNORD42 is a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) that has been identified as a potential biomarker for prognosis and a target for therapy in various cancers, including lung cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [PMC5930448] [PMC8125340]. It has been found to be upregulated in AML and associated with poor survival in lung cancer [PMC5930448]. Suppression of oncogenic SNORD42 in non-small cell lung cancer has been shown to increase apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism, while SNORD114-1 promotes cell growth by affecting cell cycle regulation [PMC5390076]. SNORD42 has been established to have an oncogenic function in maintaining lung cancer carcinogenesis [PMC9655370]. Additionally, SNORD42 and SNORD21 have been reported as promising predictive biomarkers for prognosis in colorectal cancer patients [PMC6629867]. Correlations have been found between the region where SNORD42 is located (chr1q22), commonly amplified in plasma cell dyscrasias, and its oncogenic role in lung tumorigenesis [PMC8629011]. Furthermore, snoRNA expression can be influenced by tumor-specific genomic alterations, such as downregulation of snoRNAs in B-cell lymphoma or chromosomal gains of SNORD42 in multiple myeloma [PMC8629011]. Several snoRNAs, including SNORD78, SNORD71A, and SNORD42, have been associated with non-small cell lung cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion [PMC7350589]. It is important to note that while some snoRNAs function as tumor suppressors (e.g., U50), others function as oncogenes (e.g., SNORA42) [PMC9826665].