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ame-mir-124: Ame-mir-124 is a miRNA that has been found to be upregulated in virgin queens and is speculated to be involved in the modulation of sensory and neuronal functions associated with mating behaviors [PMC4444961]. Another miRNA, ame-miR-275, is increased in expression in mated queens and may play a role in initiating egg-laying behavior [PMC4444961]. A study of the miRNA transcriptome in honey bee queens found that ame-mir-124 and ame-miR-275 are differentially expressed in virgin and mated queens [PMC4444961]. Ame-mir-124, along with other miRNAs such as ame-miR-3791, ame-miR-981, and ame-miR-6038, has been shown to target various genes involved in honey bee physiology, including the ecdysone receptor (Ecr) and the nAChRα2 subunit [PMC7206646]. Additionally, ame-mir-124 has been predicted to target the Toll-related receptor gene 18w, which is involved in antimicrobial immune defenses [PMC7206646]. Thiamethoxam exposure was found to significantly alter the expression of several miRNAs including ame-mir-124 [PMC7206646]. In workers, the expression of ame-mir-124 was significantly higher compared to queens, suggesting neuronal maturation occurring at a specific developmental stage [PMC4704047].
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