osa-miR2878-5p: Osa-mir2878-5p is a microRNA (miRNA) that has been studied in rice in response to infection by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani [PMC9189367]. Differential expression of various miRNAs, including osa-mir2878-5p, has been observed upon R. solani infection [PMC9189367]. Osa-mir2878-5p, along with other miRNAs such as Osa-miR1862d, Osa-miR398b, Osa-miR166j-5p, Osa-miR156d, and Osa-miR169a, showed a differential expression pattern at different time points during infection [PMC7662745]. These miRNAs were generally downregulated during the initial time points of infection and upregulated during later time points [PMC7662745]. In addition to R. solani infection, osa-mir2878-5p has also been studied in the context of rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae [PMC7662745]. It was identified as a negative regulator involved in rice immunity against M. oryzae along with other miRNAs such as Osa-miR169a and Osa-miR398b [PMC7662745]. Furthermore, osa-mir2878-5p showed differential regulation against different strains of R. solani and M. oryzae [PMC7662745]. Overall, osa-mir2878-5p is an important miRNA involved in the response of rice to fungal infections and plays a role in regulating host-pathogen interactions [PMC7662745].