hsa-mir-4456: Hsa-mir-4456 is a microRNA that was excluded from a study on differentially expressed miRNAs [PMC8107736]. However, it was randomly selected for further validation along with seven other miRNAs [PMC5351858]. In the study, it was found that hsa-mir-4456 was down-regulated in the sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) group compared to healthy controls [PMC5351858]. Furthermore, hsa-mir-4456 was also found to be significantly down-regulated in both the sepsis-induced AKI and sepsis-non AKI groups compared to healthy controls [PMC5351858]. This suggests that hsa-mir-4456 may play a role in sepsis-induced AKI. Additionally, hsa-mir-4456 has been associated with differential methylation in alcohol dependence, indicating its potential involvement in the addictive component observed in this condition [PMC6961682]. Overall, hsa-mir-4456 is a down-regulated microRNA that may be implicated in sepsis-induced AKI and alcohol dependence.

MIR4456: MIR4456 is a microRNA that has been found to be differentially methylated in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) [PMC6961682]. The differential methylation of MIR4456 suggests that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD [PMC6961682]. The methylation status of MIR4456 was not significantly affected by the inclusion of a categorical variable for Scandinavian descent in the analysis [PMC6961682]. MIR4456 was found to have both a genome-wide significant methylation locus and a statistically significant abundance of nominally significant probes, indicating that methylation alterations associated with MIR4456 occur in HD subjects [PMC6961682]. The expression levels of MIR708 and MIR4456 were found to be associated with the methylation state of specific CpG-sites, even after adjusting for disease state and an interaction term between methylation status and disease state [PMC6961682]. The expression levels of MIR4456 were significantly lower in individuals with HD compared to healthy volunteers, while there were no group differences in the expression levels of MIR708 [PMC6961682]. Putative mRNA targets for MIR4456 were identified, and these targets were found to be preferentially expressed in brain regions such as the amygdala and hippocampus [PMC6961682]. Further studies are needed to confirm these predicted targets and investigate the role of MIR4456 in regulating oxytocin signaling, as well as its potential implications for HD pathophysiology [PMC6961682].