cfa-mir-331: Seventeen DE mature miRNAs, including cfa-mir-331, were validated by qRT-PCR in the study [PMC5844969]. The down-regulation of cfa-mir-331 at 36 dpi may promote the host TH1 immune response in T. canis infection by affecting the expression of sema7a [PMC9773451]. Sema7a was predicted to be a potential target gene of cfa-mir-331 [PMC9773451]. The study also found that cfa-mir-331 and novel_129 were significantly down-regulated at 36 dpi [PMC9773451]. At this time point, 27 differentially expressed miRNAs, including cfa-mir-331 and novel_129, were predicted to regulate 1,167 potential target genes [PMC9773451]. cfa-mir-331, along with cfa-miR-193b and novel_328, is associated with the host immune response [PMC9773451]. At 96 hpi, the upregulation of cfa-mir-331 is positively correlated with the host inflammatory response and may enhance it by targeting sema7a and tnfrsf1a, which are negatively associated with inflammation [PMC9558963].