bta-mir-212: Bta-mir-212 is a microRNA that has been studied in various contexts. In SF groups, the expression level of bta-mir-212 was found to be increased, along with other miRNAs such as bta-miR-449a, bta-miR-449c, bta-miR-222, bta-miR-21-3p, and bta-miR-155 [PMC4156418]. It is one of the most polymorphic pre-miRNA regions in cattle [PMC4379384]. Bta-mir-212 is transcribed from the intergenic region of chromosome 19 in the bovine genome and shares the same seed region as bta-miR-132 [PMC4438052]. In granulosa cells of preovulatory dominant follicles, both bta-mir-212 and bta-miR-132 were found to be robustly expressed [PMC4438052]. These miRNAs were significantly enriched in preovulatory dominant follicles compared to subordinate follicles [PMC4438052]. Bta-mir-212 was also found to be expressed in lower gut tissues and may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for early MAP infection [PMC6371894] [PMC6600136]. In MDMs infected with MAP, both bta-mir-212 and another miRNA called bta-miR677 showed increased expression levels compared to uninfected cells. These miRNAs have not been previously reported in studies on MAP infection in bovines [PMC6600136]. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of studying the role of microRNAs like bta-mir 212 in various biological processes.