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SNORD42A: SNORD42A is a C/D box small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) that is expressed in a cell-specific manner, particularly in mammary glands and lymphoblastoid cells [PMC6316884]. It has been reported that SNORD42A, along with other C/D box snoRNAs, is bound by nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a phosphoprotein residing in nucleoli [PMC8629011]. SNORD42A plays a role in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) [PMC8629011]. Functional knockout of SNORD42A has been shown to decrease 18S-U116 methylation and impair colony formation potential and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines [PMC8629011]. SNORD42A is highly expressed in primary AML blasts compared to healthy cells [PMC8629011]. It has been suggested that SNORD42A alters the translation preference of the ribosome by affecting its 3D structure, thereby promoting cell proliferation [PMC8975097]. Deletion or deficiency of SNORD42A inhibits AML cell proliferation and colony-forming ability [PMC9098889] [PMC9256764] [PMC9790134]. Dysregulation of snoRNAs, including SNORD42A, has been observed in AML and other cancers such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [PMC9859176] [PM9115109] [PM8742282] [PM7753709] . The exact roles of SNORA69 and SNORD42A in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are yet to be determined but are promising areas for investigation[ PMC8235321]. Overall, snoRNAs like SNORD42A have been shown to modulate various biological processes and signaling pathways in cancer cells, making them potential therapeutic targets [PMC9005336].
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