SNORD12: SNORD12 is a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) that is part of the SNORD12 family, which includes SNORD12B and SNORD12C. These snoRNAs are encoded within the host gene ZFAS1 and are involved in the chemical modifications of other RNAs, such as transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and small nuclear RNAs [PMC3225313] [PMC7154078] [PMC4990377]. SNORD12 has been found to exhibit higher expression levels in certain cells compared to others, indicating its potential role in cell differentiation [PMC7154078]. ZFAS1, which encodes SNORD12, has been associated with various cancers including breast cancer and colorectal cancer [PMC4990377] [PMC7243338]. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown [PMC4990377]. Additionally, ZFAS1 has been observed to be significantly overexpressed in various human malignancies and may serve as a potential biomarker for breast cancer [PMC7243338]. The expression of SNORD12 can be regulated independently of ZFAS1 expression, suggesting that the cellular effects observed following ZFAS1 silencing are not solely due to changes in SNORD12 levels [PMC4808022]. Overall, the SNORD12 family members have been implicated in various cellular processes and have potential clinical implications as biomarkers for cancer.