SCARNA1: SCARNA1 is a small Cajal body-specific RNA (scaRNA) that targets U2 snRNA and is involved in snRNA function in human primary cell cultures [PMC6023535]. SCARNA1 is located within the fifth intron of the ppp1r8b gene [PMC6023535]. SCARNA1, along with other scaRNAs, such as scarna8, SCARNA13, SCARNA14, and scarna2, carries out U2 snRNA modifications [PMC6023535]. In patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the TDP-43 protein binds more strongly to SCARNA1 compared to healthy individuals [PMC4054096]. SCARNA1 levels were undetectable in certain samples of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from peripheral blood [PMC9267956]. In individuals with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), a congenital cardiac defect, SCARNA1 was found to be downregulated and its loss dysregulated the splicing of important regulators of heart development [PMC9862068]. The levels of certain miRNAs and lincRNAs were also found to be regulated by NTHi infection and interaction with other RNA molecules [PMC4659474] [PMC10023947]. Dyskerin depletion resulted in reduced levels of U17, U64, and SCARNA1 in cells expressing wildtype dyskerin compared to empty vector cells expressing dyskerin-depleted cells [PMC6547437]. The pseudouridylation guide capacity of the 3'-terminal guide loop of SCARNA1 was demonstrated through various experiments using mutant RNAs and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing techniques [PMC8763049].